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Measuring Progress
Millennium Development Goals
In 2000, the Millennium Declaration set eight global Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) that provide a framework for confronting poverty, hunger and environmental problems challenging poor countries to improve health, education and gender equity.1
Womens health is not only linked to the health-related MDGs, it is also dependent on access to nutrition, education and employment opportunities, and womens status in society.
The Millennium Development Goals, Targets and Indicators
Related to Womens Health
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| Goal 2 Achieve Universal Primary Education |
Target:
Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling
Indicators- Net enrollment in primary education
- Primary Completion Rate (total and by sex)
- Literacy rate of young people aged 1524 years (total and by sex)
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| Goal 3 Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women |
Target:
Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education preferably by 2005, and at all levels by 2015
Indicators- Ratios of girls to boys in primary, secondary and tertiary education
- Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector
- Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament
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| Goal 5 Improve Maternal Health |
Target:
Reduce by three quarters the maternal mortality ratio
Indicators- Maternal mortality ratio (maternal deaths per 1000 live births)
- Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel
Target:
Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health
Indicators- Contraceptive prevalence rate (percentage using contraception among women aged 1549 who are married or in a union)
- Adolescent birth rate
- Antenatal care coverage (at least one visit and at least four visits)
- Unmet need for family planning
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| Goal 8 Develop a Global Partnership for Development |
Target:
In co-operation with developing countries, develop and implement strategies for decent and productive work for youth
Indicators- Unemployment rate of young people aged 1524 years (total and by sex)
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Where maternal mortality continues to be a problem, none of the regions are expected to meet the 2015 target to reduce the 1990 maternal mortality ratio by 75 percent; levels remain dangerously high in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, where little to no progress has occurred.
The target to achieve universal access to reproductive health by 2015 was only added recently to MDG 5 and longitudinal data to measure progress in this area is limited. Despite important gains, progress in achieving good reproductive health is inconsistent.2
- The proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel rose from 43 percent in 1990 to 57 percent in 2005.
- Southeastern Asia and Northern Africa nearly doubled access to skilled attendants at birth between 1990 and 2005, from 38 to 68 percent, and from 40 to 75 percent, respectively).
- Coverage is lowest in Southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa (38 percent and 45 percent respectively).
- Use of contraceptives to space and limit births has risen slightly though at least 200 million women in need lack access to modern methods of family planning. Coverage remains lowest in sub-Saharan Africa at 23 percent of women using any method and 18 percent using modern methods.3
Since 1990, substantial progress in promoting gender equality and empowering women and girls has been made in several regions, though improvements have not been evenly distributed.
- The goal for achieving universal access to primary education by 2015 is not expected to be met in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia or Oceania.
- Gender disparities in enrollment in primary education have not improved in sub-Saharan Africa or Oceania.
- Wide disparities in literacy rates among youth aged 1524 continue to persist between males and females in South Asia, North Africa and the Middle East.
- Paid employment inequities between men and women persist in the Middle East, North Africa and Southern Asia. Womens representation in parliament remains low or very low in all regions except Latin America; however, in Latin America, unemployment rates of young women are much higher than those for their male counterparts.
Global Statistics by Region Related to the MDGs and Women1, 4Note: Values in tables are percentages (%),
Developing Regions
| Indicator |
Closest Measurement
to 1990 |
Most Current
Measurement (Year) |
| Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel |
43 |
57 (2005) |
| Contraceptive prevalence rate |
52 |
63 (2005) |
Unmet need for family planning (excluding China)5
Spacing births
Limiting births |
N/A |
9 (2008)
8 (2008) |
| Total net enrollment ratio in primary school |
80 |
88 (2005) |
| Primary completion rate (boys, girls) |
84, 77 |
89, 83 (2005) |
| Literacy rate of 1524 year olds (males, females) |
85, 75 |
89, 81 (1995-04) |
| Share of women in single or lower houses of parliament |
10 |
16 (2007) |
Sub-Saharan Africa
| Indicator |
Closest Measurement
to 1990 |
Most Current
Measurement (Year) |
| Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel |
42 |
45 (2005) |
| Contraceptive prevalence rate 5 |
12 |
23 (2005) |
Unmet need for family planning5
Spacing births
Limiting births |
N/A |
16 (2008)
9 (2008) |
| Total net enrollment ratio in primary school |
54 |
70 (2007) |
| Primary completion rate (boys, girls) |
55, 46 |
66, 56 (2005) |
| Literacy rate of 1524 year olds (males, females) |
71, 58 |
89, 81 (1995-04) |
| Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector |
28 |
32 (2005) |
| Share of women in single or lower houses of parliament |
7 |
17 (2007) |
| Unemployment rate of young people aged 1524 years (male, female) |
18, 17 |
19, 18 (2006) |
Southern Asia
| Indicator |
Closest Measurement
to 1990 |
Most Current
Measurement (Year) |
| Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel |
30 |
38 (2005) |
| Contraceptive prevalence rate 5 |
40 |
54 (2005) |
| Total net enrollment ratio in primary school |
75 |
90 (2005) |
| Primary completion rate (boys, girls) |
79, 63 |
88, 80 (2005) |
| Literacy rate of 1524 year olds (males, females) |
72, 49 |
82, 67 (1995-04) |
| Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector |
13 |
18 (1990) |
| Share of women in single or lower houses of parliament |
6 |
13 (2007) |
| Unemployment rate of young people aged 1524 years (male, female) |
10, 12 |
11, 12 (2006) |
South-Eastern Asia
| Indicator |
Closest Measurement
to 1990 |
Most Current
Measurement (Year) |
| Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel |
38 |
68 (2005) |
| Contraceptive prevalence rate 5 |
47 |
60 (2005) |
| Total net enrollment ratio in primary school |
94 |
94 (2005) |
| Primary completion rate (boys, girls) |
89, 87 |
94, 94 (2005) |
| Literacy rate of 1524 year olds (males, females) |
96, 94 |
96, 96 (1995-04) |
| Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector |
38 |
39 (2005) |
| Share of women in single or lower houses of parliament |
10 |
17 (2007) |
| Unemployment rate of young people aged 1524 years (male, female) |
10, 10 |
18, 18 (2006) |
Latin America and the Caribbean
| Indicator |
Closest Measurement
to 1990 |
Most Current
Measurement (Year) |
| Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel |
72 |
89 (2005) |
| Contraceptive prevalence rate 5 |
62 |
72 (2005) |
| Total net enrollment ratio in primary school |
87 |
97 (2005) |
| Primary completion rate (boys, girls) |
96, 97 |
98, 100 (2005) |
| Literacy rate of 1524 year olds (males, females) |
93, 94 |
96, 97 (1995-04) |
| Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector |
37 |
42 (2005) |
| Share of women in single or lower houses of parliament |
12 |
21 (2007) |
| Unemployment rate of young people aged 1524 years (male, female) |
13, 20 |
13, 21 (2006) |
Western Asia
| Indicator |
Closest Measurement
to 1990 |
Most Current
Measurement (Year) |
| Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel |
60 |
66 (2005) |
| Contraceptive prevalence rate 5 |
50 |
50 (2005) |
Unmet need for family planning5
Spacing births
Limiting births |
N/A |
10 (2008)
13 (2008) |
| Total net enrollment ratio in primary school |
81 |
86 (2005) |
| Primary completion rate (boys, girls) |
87, 75 |
90, 80 (2005) |
| Literacy rate of 1524 year olds (males, females) |
94, 83 |
96, 88 (1995-04) |
| Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector |
16 |
21 (2005) |
| Share of women in single or lower houses of parliament |
5 |
8 (2007) |
| Unemployment rate of young people aged 1524 years (male, female) |
19, 19 |
22, 26 (2006) |
Northern Africa
| Indicator |
Closest Measurement
to 1990 |
Most Current
Measurement (Year) |
| Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel |
40 |
75 (2005) |
| Contraceptive prevalence rate 5 |
42 |
59 (2005) |
Unmet need for family planning5
Spacing births
Limiting births |
N/A |
6 (2008)
10 (2008) |
| Total net enrollment ratio in primary school |
82 |
95 (2005) |
| Primary completion rate (boys, girls) |
90, 83 |
97, 91 (2005) |
| Literacy rate of 1524 year olds (males, females) |
77, 56 |
90, 78 (1995-04) |
| Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector |
20 |
20 (2005) |
| Share of women in single or lower houses of parliament |
3 |
8 (2007) |
| Unemployment rate of young people aged 1524 years (male, female) |
30, 40 |
26, 39 (2006) |
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
| Indicator |
Closest Measurement
to 1990 |
Most Current
Measurement (Year) |
| Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel |
99 |
98 (2005) |
Unmet need for family planning5*
Spacing births
Limiting births |
N/A |
7 (2008)
25 (2008) |
| Total net enrollment ratio in primary school |
90 |
92 (2005) |
| Primary completion rate (boys, girls) |
94, 93 |
97, 97 (2005) |
| Literacy rate of 1524 year olds (males, females) |
100, 100 |
100, 100 (1995-04) |
| Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector |
49 |
51 (2005) |
| Share of women in single or lower houses of parliament |
N/A |
12 (2007) |
| Unemployment rate of young people aged 1524 years (male, female) |
20, 20 |
16, 19 (2006) |
*Data not available for all countries
Eastern Asia
| Indicator |
Closest Measurement
to 1990 |
Most Current
Measurement (Year) |
| Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel |
51 |
83 (2005) |
| Contraceptive prevalence rate 5 |
78 |
89 (2005) |
| Total net enrollment ratio in primary school |
99 |
95 (2005) |
| Primary completion rate (boys, girls) |
102, 102 |
100, 100 (2005) |
| Literacy rate of 1524 year olds (males, females) |
97, 92 |
99, 99 (1995-04) |
| Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector |
38 |
41 (2005) |
| Share of women in single or lower houses of parliament |
20 |
20 (2007) |
| Unemployment rate of young people aged 1524 years (male, female) |
8, 6 |
9, 6 (2006) |
Oceania
| Indicator |
Closest Measurement
to 1990 |
Most Current
Measurement (Year) |
| Total net enrollment ratio in primary school |
75 |
78 (2005) |
| Primary completion rate (boys, girls) |
65, 64 |
65, 58 (2005) |
| Literacy rate of 1524 year olds (males, females) |
75, 71 |
75, 71 (1995-04) |
| Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector |
29 |
38 (2005) |
| Share of women in single or lower houses of parliament |
1 |
3 (2007) |
| Unemployment rate of young people aged 1524 years (male, female) |
8, 8 |
7, 6 (2006) |
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| 1 |
United Nations. 2007. Millennium Development Goals report. Available from: www.un.org/millenniumgoals/pdf/mdg2007.pdf |
| 2 |
Langer A. 2006. Cairo after 12 years: successes, setbacks, and challenges. Lancet 368:1552-5. |
| 3 |
UN Millennium Project. 2006. Public choices, private decisions: sexual and reproductive health and the Millennium Development Goals. New York: U.N. Millennium Project. |
| 4 |
United Nations Statistics Division. 2007. Statistical annex: Millennium Development Goals, targets and indicators. Available from: http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/ |
| 5 |
Population Reference Bureau. 2008. Family planning worldwide: 2008 data sheet. Available from: www.prb.org/pdf08/fpds08.pdf |
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